Improvement in machine for forming oval tenons



gttfdv agiata patent @tilting c.Y Cio Tron, o F PORTSMOUTH, OHIO.

l f Vl'lcttcrs Patent No. 90,041, dated May 11, 1869,`

`rMPRo'wruwLN'r IN MACHINE Fon PORMING over. 'rnNoNa` The Schedulereferred to invthese. Letters Patent and making part of the same.

` Y -04M- Y accompanying and forming part of this,specification,I

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my machine,

and

Figure 2, an end view of the same.

, Figure 3 shows aspoke-wheel, and the manner of applying my machine'for forming tenons thereon an Figure. 4, a piece of framing, withcylindrical tenons, as formed by my machine.

Similar letters of reference on the different figures indicatecorresponding parts. v v

The nature of this invention consists in the arrangement of devicesforforming oval tenons, for purposes that will hereinafter be explained.

In cutting round tenons on spokes, chair-stretchers, and wood framing ofall kinds, when round tenons are employed, the pieces have hitherto beenforcedinto chucks, the. wood beingremoved by cutters, until the shank ortenon was reduced to fit the bore of the chuck, `and thus form arest'for the wood. By this means cylindrical tenons ,could only be made,while their diameter had to correspond to the bore of'the` head orchuck, different heads. or chucks being required for the dierentsizes.The cutters being internal, that is, the body ofthe cutter, with itsfastenings, moving in a much larger circle than the cut-ting- `edges,prevented thecutters from being driven at a" Y speed that is necessaryfor rapid and `perfect work.

Tenons for general wood-work, and more particularly those ofthe spokesof carriage and wagon-wheels',

can be -tted much closer, and driven `more rmly, if formed slightlyoval, their shortest diameter being set transverse to the fibre of thewood, by which means the danger of splitting is avoided.-

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my inventiomwillproceed to describe the mode of constructing andV manner ofoperating the same, with the aid of the drawings.

a is a frame, or main support for the machine, arranged `in the usualmanner, with bearings for the several shafts and parts, havingcross-supports b b b and `rod c. .i i

d is the cutterhead,`and ev the spindle on' which it is fastened. l

f f are disks, arranged to rotate in the frame g, connected bythe rodh,to which they are firmly keyed.

The bearings for-the spindle c are formed in o1' at-4 tached tothe disksf j,- and can be made to adjust to por from the vcentre l1., lig. 2,to-regnlate the size ofthe tenon t', or the heads d can be made ofvarying sizes,

to effect the same purpose, when such changes are few. i

' The disks ff, being loosely fitted in the ring-frame g, are rotated bymeans of the shaftik, beltl, shaft rm, and gears a o p, as will beunderstood from the drawings, t-h gears ,being so proportioned andarranged that thtJ revolutions of the disks ff correspond to those ofthe shaft m, for reasons that will be hereinafter explained.

The gear o runs loose on shaft c, andfis merely an intermediate.

The cutter-head d is driven by the belt q, the idlepulleys fr r keepingthe tension constant, by means of the private arm s, as will be readilyunderstood. p

The frame gis pivoted on centre at c, fig. 2, and has an extension, t,passing down and surrounding the cam c.

This cam is fastened to the shaft fin, and rotates in concert with thedisks ff, andthe motion of the cutter-head d around the tenon fi.

A'lhis cam c is made' slightly' elliptic, when the machine is made toform oval tenons, and the screw w pressing against it,` gives the frameg a vibrating motion, to correspond with the rotation of the disks fj,and communicates the same shape to the tenon fi; that is,if thecam t hasa diference of one-eight inch between its long and short diameters, thetenons formed by the cutter-head d will have relatively the samediameters as the cam fu.

tic, can be used, to suit the different forms of tenons, or a single onemay be employed, if arranged to adjust for the purpose of making thetenon more or less oval. The one here represented is fixed. Forcylindrical tenons, the eccentric ycam is removed, and atrue cylindricalring put on, or other means of regulating the movement of the frame gemployed, and this feature of the machine dispensed with.

y is a small pulley, to tighten the belt l, and is sup-l ported on abracket, a', connected with frame g and t,

and serves to `start and stop the gearing 1t o p, as will be hereinafterexplained. Fig. 3 shows a wagon-wheel in position to havetenons formedon the spokes.

The manner of operating is as follows: VThe piece to be tenoned isbrought into the position of thc spoke b', iig. 3, and held there bysuitable devices, unnecessary to be. shown here, and forming no part ofthemachine proper.

The frame g is thrown back until the side of the ring t, opposite screwlw, comes against the cam c. This swings the head d out of the way, andallows the stuff to be'brought into position. p

The operator then presses down the lever c', which draws the head d intocontact with the tenon, and brings the screw lw against the cam o, andat the same time tightens thebeltl, by means of pulley y.

This causes the head d toftravel around the tenon t' Cams of varyingdiameters, and more or less ellipin a true circle, or in an ellipticform, as the cam a: may guide.

When the head d has made one or more revolutions, as may be needed, theoperator releases the lever c', the frame g swings back, the belt lstops, and another piece is applied.

I am aware that machines having a revolving cutter-head, revolving onits own axis, and that axis revolving aroundea centre, for the purposeof making round tenons, has, been in use for many years; and I disclaimthe use of the arrangement of devices for such purpose, and confine myinvention to the combination of devices for making oval or ellipticaltenons. Having thus described the nature of my invention,

the mode of constructing, and manner of operating my machine,

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters 'Pa-tent, is

The combination of the elliptic cam v, on shaft m, screw w in arm t, andvibrating frame g, with the cutter-head d, cutter-head disks f, andthemechanism for giving motion to the cutter-head, cutter-head disks,and shaft m, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

C. W. COTTON.

Witnesses:

SHERMAN G. JOHNSON, JN0. PEEBLES.

